|
Author: Welch-S-P. Dunlow-L-D.
Title: Antinociceptive activity of intrathecally administered potassium channel openers
and opioid agonists: a common mechanism of action?
Source: J-Pharmacol-Exp-Ther. 1993 Oct. 267(1). P 390-9.
Journal Title: JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS.
Abstract: The potassium channel openers could share a common mechanism of action with
the opiates in the production of antinociception because both classes of drugs have been
shown to enhance potassium efflux. The i.t. administration of the potassium channel
openers diazoxide, minoxidil, and lemakalim (BRL38227) produced antinociception as
measured in the tail-flick test. The ED50's were 122, 184 and 35 micrograms/mouse,
respectively. Minoxidil and lemakalim (BRL 38227) were full agonists, whereas diazoxide
was a partial agonist. Diazoxide-induced antinociception was blocked by the potassium
channel blockers glyburide, apamin and charybdotoxin. Minoxidil- and lemakalim
(i.t.)-induced antinociception was blocked totally by only glyburide. The antinociception
produced by the potassium channel openers (i.t.) was blocked differentially by opiate
antagonists (i.t.). The antinociceptive effects of diazoxide were blocked by nor
binaltorphimine, ICI 174,864 and naloxone. Minoxidil- and lemakalim-induced
antinociception was blocked by naloxone and ICI 174,864, but not by nor-binaltorphimine.
Naloxone (s.c.) shifted the dose-effect curve for minoxidil to the right in a parallel
manner. Morphine-induced antinociception was partially blocked by glyburide and apamin,
whereas that produced by DPDPE was blocked totally by apamin. U50, 488H-induced
antinociception was blocked partially by apamin. The potassium channel openers (i.t.) were
not cross tolerant to morphine when measured in the tail-flick test. Apamin and glyburide
precipitated "withdrawal-like" symptoms in morphine-tolerant mice. The
interaction of potassium channel openers and opioids probably does not represent a direct
interaction of these two classes of drugs at a similar receptor, but rather may occur via
an interaction with a common second messenger system such as calcium.
|
Home
Basic Facts About the War on Drugs
Frequently Asked Questions
Charts and Graphs
Whats New
Entertainment
Mikes Favorite Motorcyle Rides
Choppers Page
Table of Contents
Web Log of Dr. Tom O'Connell
Feedback
Drug Abuse Treatment Resources
American Society for Action on Pain
Major Studies
1894 to 1970
Indian Hemp Drugs Commission - 1894
The Opium Problem - 1928
Panama Canal Zone Investigations - 1929
Wickersham Commission on Alcohol Prohibition - 1931
La Guardia Comittee - 1944
Drug Addiction, Crime or Disease? - 1961
Wootton Committee on Cannabis - 1968
Le Dain Commission - 1970
Legal History of American Marijuana Prohibition - 1970
1970 to Present
Licit and Illicit Drugs - 1972
Dealing With Drug Abuse - 1972
Marihuana - A Signal of Misunderstanding - 1972
Drug Use in America - Problem in Perspective - 1973
Cannabis Control Policy - 1979
The Facts About Drug Abuse - 1980
An Analysis of Marijuana Policy - 1982
DEA Ruling on Medical Marijuana - 1988
California Research Advisory Panel - 1989
A Wiser Course: Ending Drug Prohibition - 1994
Legislative Options for Cannabis - 1994
Consequences of Alcohol, Cannabis, Nicotine and Opiate Use - 1995
House of Lords, Medical Marijuana - 1998
Marijuana as Medicine - 1999
Drugs and the Law - 2000
Canadian Senate Special Committee - 2002
History
Reefer Madness Collection
Marijuana Medicines from History
Ancient History
General Histories
Short History of the Marijuana Laws
Licit and Illicit Drugs
Legal History of American Marijuana Prohibition
The Drug Hang-Up, America's Fifty-Year Folly
Marijuana, the First 12,000 Years
The Narcotics Bureau and the Harrison Act
1800
1860
1870
1880
1890
Indian Hemp Drugs Commission - 1894
1900
Federal Court Decisions - 1900
1910
Federal Court Decisions - 1910
1920
Federal Court Decisions - 1920
Effects of Alcohol Prohibition
Senate Judiciary Hearings on Alcohol Prohibition
1930
Federal Court Decisions - 1930
Wickersham Commission on Alcohol Prohibition - 1931
Repealing National Prohibition
Marihuana Tax Act of 1937
The Demonization of Marijuana
1940
Federal Court Decisions - 1940
La Guardia Comittee - 1944
1950
Psychedelic Research from the 1950s and 1960s
Federal Court Decisions - 1950
MKULTRA - Government Research on LSD
The Traffic in Narcotics
1960
Federal Court Decisions - 1960
Drug Addiction, Crime or Disease? - 1961
Wootton Committee on Cannabis - 1968
Operation Intercept
1970
Federal Court Decisions - 1970
Le Dain Commission - 1970
Legal History of American Marijuana Prohibition - 1970
Licit and Illicit Drugs - 1972
Dealing With Drug Abuse - 1972
Marihuana - A Signal of Misunderstanding - 1972
Drug Use in America - Problem in Perspective - 1973
Cannabis Control Policy - 1979
1980
Federal Court Decisions - 1980
1990
Federal Court Decisions - 1990
Important People
Harry Anslinger
Dr. Hamilton Wright
Captain Richmond Pearson Hobson
Dr. James C. Munch
Legal
Federal Court Decisions - 1900
Federal Court Decisions - 1910
Federal Court Decisions - 1920
Federal Court Decisions - 1930
Federal Court Decisions - 1940
Federal Court Decisions - 1950
Federal Court Decisions - 1960
Federal Court Decisions - 1970
Federal Court Decisions - 1980
Federal Court Decisions - 1990
Federal Court Decisions - 2000
Oakland Cannabis Buyers Club
Treaties and Laws
Drugs
Marijuana
Cannabis Research Library
Medical Marijuana
Medical Marijuana Strain Guide
Complete Guide to Hashish
Marijuana History
Short History of the Marijuana Laws
Legal History of American Marijuana Prohibition
The Drug Hang-Up, America's Fifty-Year Folly
Marijuana, the First 12,000 Years
Marihuana Tax Act of 1937
The Demonization of Marijuana
Reefer Madness Comic Books
More Reefer Madness
General Information
Carl Olsen's Marijuana Archive
Alcohol
Opiates
Heroin FAQ
Methadone Today
Cocaine
Psychedelics
Books on Psychedelics
Psycotherapy and Psychedelics
Psychedelic Research from the 1950s and 1960s
Pyschedelics and Culture
Psychedelics and Social Policy
Psychedelics and Religious Experience
Psychedelics and Personal Growth
History of the Pyschedelic Rediscovery
Peyote Wisdom
Tobacco
Special Collections
Web Log of Dr. Tom O'Connell
Patrick Anderson
High In America, the story of NORML
Andrew Byrne
Andrew Booth Davies
Milton Friedman
Dr. Erich S. Goode
Douglas N. Husak
Rufus King
The Drug Hang-Up, America's Fifty-Year Folly
Drug Addiction, Crime or Disease? - 1961
John C. Lupien
Joseph McNamara
Dr. Tod Mikuriya
William Novak
Charles Tart
On Being Stoned
States of Consciousness
Miscellaneous
Government Publications
General Accountability Office
Drugs and Driving
Sentencing Project Reports
DARE
Kids and Drugs
American Society for Action on Pain
Drug Abuse Treatment Resources
Drug Reform Coordination Network
Drug War Chronicle
Marijuana Policy
DEA
Canada
Drug War Blogs
News Articles on Drugs
Debate
Basic Facts About the War on Drugs
Frequently Asked Questions
Charts and Graphs
Fiscal Analysis of Marijuana Decriminalization
A Response to the DEA web site
Information for Activists
Debate Manuals
The Opinion Page
The Drug Debate
Schaffer Library of Drug Policy