1. Grinspoon, L., Marihuana Reconsidered,
Cambridge: University of Harvard Press (1971); Kaplan, J., Marijuana: The
New Prohibition, New York: World Publishing Company 1970); Brecher, E.M., Licit
and Illicit Drugs, Boston: Little, Brown and Company (1972).
3. Himmelstein, J., The Strange Career of Marijuana:
Politics and Ideology of Decriminalization in America, Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press (1983); Single, E.W., "The Impact of Marijuana
Decriminalization: An Update," Journal of Public Health Policy
10:456-66 (1989).
4. Carter, W.E. (ed), Cannabis in Costa Rica: A Study of
Chronic Marijuana Use, Philadelphia: Institute for Study of Human Issues
(1980); Rubin, V. and Comitas, L., Ganja in Jamaica, The Hague: Mouton
(1975); Stefanis, C. et al, Hashish: Studies of Long Term Use, New
York: Raven Press (1977).
15. Vinciguerra, V. et al, "Inhalation Marijuana as an
Antiemetic for Cancer Chemotherapy," New York State Journal of Medicine
85:525-27 (1988); Dansac, D., "In the Matter of Marijuana Rescheduling
Petition," Affidafit filed in Drug Enforcement Adminstration Hearings,
Docket 86-22 (1987).
18. Cohen, S., "Therapeutic Aspects," pp 194-225
in R.C. Petersen (ed) Marijuana Research Findings: 1976, Rockville, MD:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (1977); Cohen, S. and Stillman, R.C. (eds), The
Therapeutic Potential of Marijuana, New York: Plenum Medical Book Company
(1976); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Marijuana and Health, Report
to Congress (1980).
22. Tashkin, D.P. et al, "Longitudinal Changes in
Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function in Non-smokers, Tobacco Smokers, and
Heavy, Habitual Smokers of Marijuana With or Without Tobacco," pp 25-36 in
G. Chesher et al (eds), Marijuana: an International Research Report,
Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service (1988).
27. Lau, R.J. et al, "Phytohemagglutinin-Induced
Lymphocyte Transformation in Humans Receiving
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol," Science 192: 805-07 (1976); White,
S.C. et al, "Mitogen-Induced Blastogenetic Responses to Lymphocytes from
Marijuana Smokers," Science 188: 71-72 (1975).
30. Carter, W.E. (ed), Cannabis in Costa Rica: A Study
of Chronic Marijuana Use, Philadelphia: Institute for Study of Human Issues
(1980); Rubin, V. and Comitas, L., Ganja in Jamaica, The Hague: Mouton (1975);
Stefanis, C. et al, Hashish: Studies of Long Term Use, New York: Raven Press
(1977).
36. Mendelson, G.D. et al, "Plasma Testosterone Levels
Before, During, and After Chronic Marijuana Smoking," New England
Journal of Medicine 291:1051-55 (1975); Schaefer, C.F. et al, "Normal
Plasma Testosterone Concentrations After Marijuana Smoking," New
England Journal of Medicine 292:867-68 (1975).
38. Fijimoto, G.I. et al, "Effect of Marijuana Extract
Given Orally on Male Rat Reproduction and Gonads," Proceedings of Sixth
Annual Meetings of Endocrinology Society (1978); Okey, A.B. and Truant, G.S.,
"Cannabis Demasculinizes Rats But Is Not Estrogenic," Life
Sciences 17:1113-18 (1975).
39. Block, R.I. et al, "Effects of Chronic Marijuana
Use on Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone,
Prolactin and Cortisol in Men and Women," Drug and Alcohol Dependence
28:121-8 (1991).
40. Smith, C.G. and Asch, R.H., "Acute, Short-Term, and
Chronic Effects of Marijuana on the Female Primate Reproductive Function,"
pp 82-96 in M.C. Braude and J.P. Ludford (eds), Marijuana Effects on the
Endocrine and Reproductive Systems, Rockville, MD: Department of Health and
Human Services (1984).
43. Tennes, A., "Effects of Marijuana on Pregnancy and
Fetal Development in the Human," pp 115-23 in M.C. Braude and J. P, Ludford
(eds), Marijuana Effects on the Endocrine and Reproductive Systems,
Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services (1984).
44. Astley, S., "Analysis of Facial Shape in Children
Gestationally Exposed to Marijuana, Alcohol, and/or Cocaine," Pediatrics
89:67-77 (1992); Day, N. et al, "Prenatal Marijuana Use and Neonatal
Outcome," Neurotoxicology and Teratology 13:329-34 (1992); Linn,
S. et al, "The Association of Marijuana Use with Outcome of
Pregnancy," American Journal of Public Health 73:1161-64 (1983).
45. Hayes, J. et al, "Newborn Outcomes with Maternal
Marijuana Use in Jamaican Women," Pediatric Nursing 14(2):107-10
(1988); Streissguth, A.P. et al, "IQ at Age 4 in Relation to Maternal
Alcohol Use and Smoking During Pregnancy," Developmental Psychology
25: 3-11 (1989); Richardson, G.A. et al, "The Effect of Prenatal Alcohol,
Marijuana and Tobacco Exposure on Neonatal Behavior," Infant Behavioral
Development 12: 199-209 (1989); O'Connell, C.M. and Fried, P.A.,
"Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis: A Preliminary Report of Postnatal
Consequences in School-Age Children," Neurotoxicology and Teratology
13: 631-39 (1991); Fried, P.A. et al, "60- and 72-Month Follow-Up of
Children Prenatally Exposed to Marijuana, Cigarettes and Alcohol," Journal
of Developmental Behavior and Pediatrics 13: 383-91 (1992); Dreher, M.C. et
al, "Prenatal Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes in Jamaica: An Ethnographic
Study," Pediatrics 93: 254-60 (1994).
47. Fried, P.A., "Postnatal Consequences of Maternal
Marijuana Use," pp 61-72 in T.M. Pinkert (ed), Current Research on the
Consequences of Maternal Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD: National Institute on
Drug Abuse; Fried, P.A. and B. Watkinson, "12- and 24-Month Neurobehavioral
Follow-Up of Children Prenatally Exposed to Marijuana, Cigarettes and
Alcohol," Neurotoxicology and Teratology 10: 305-13 (1988)
53. Slikker, W. et al, "Behavioral, Neurochemical, and
Neurohistological Effects of Chronic Marijuana Smoke Exposure in the Nonhuman
Primate," pp 219-74 in L. Murphy and A. Bartke (eds), Marijuana/Cannabinoids
Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Boca Raton: CRC Press (1992).
54. Weckowicz, T.E. et al, "Effect of Marijuana on
Divergent and Convergent Production Cognitive Tests," Journal of
Abnormal Psychology 84:386-98 (1975); Hooker, W.D., and Jones, R.T.,
"Increased Susceptibility to Memory Intrusions and the Stroop Interference
Effect During Acute Marijuana Intoxication," Psychopharmacology 91:
20-24 (1987); Waskow, I.E. et el, "Psychological Effects of
Tetrahydrocannabinol," Archives of General Psychiatry 22: 97-107
(1970); Dornbush, R.L. and Kokkevi, A., "Acute Effects of Cannabis on
Cognitive, Perceptual, and Motor Performance in Chronic Hashish Users," Annals
of the New York Academy of Sciences 282: 213-22 (1976).
55. Darley, C.F. et al, "Marijuana Effects on Long-Term
Memory Assessment and Retrieval," Psychopharmacology 52:239-41
(1977); Abel, E.L., "Retrieval of Information After Use of Marijuana,"
pp 121-24 in E.L. Abel (ed) The Scientific Study of Marijuana, Chicago:
Nelson-Hall Publishers (1976); Abel, E.L., "Marijuana and Memory:
Acquisition or Retrieval?" pp 125-32 in E.L. Abel (ed) The Scientific
Study of Marijuana, Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers (1976).
56. Abel, E.L., "Marijuana and Memory: Acquisition or
Retrieval?" pp 125-32 in E.L. Abel (ed) The Scientific Study of
Marijuana, Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers (1976); Miller, L. et al,
"Effects of Marijuana on Recall of Narrative Material and Stroop Colour-Word
Performance," pp 117-20 in E.L. Abel (ed) The Scientific Study of
Marijuana, Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers (1976); Dornbush, R.L. et al,
"Marijuana, Memory, and Perception," pp 133-40 in E.L. Abel (ed) The
Scientific Study of Marijuana, Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers (1976).
58. Satz, P. et al, "Neuropsychologic, Intellectual,
and Personality Correlates of Chronic Marijuana Use in Native Costa
Ricans," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 282: 266-306
(1976); Grant, I. et al, "A Neuropsychological Assessment of the Effects of
Moderate Marijuana Use," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
156: 278-80 (1973); Knights, R., "Psychological Test Results," pp
111-20 in V. Rubin and L. Comitas (eds), Ganja in Jamaica, The Hague:
Mouton (1975); Page, J.B., "Psychosociocultural Perspectives on Chronic
Cannabis Use: The Costa Rican Follow-Up," Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
20: 57-65 (1988); Carlin, A.S. and Trupin, E.W., "The Effect of Long-Term
Chronic Marijuana Use on Neuropsychological Functioning," International
Journal of the Addictions 12:617-24 (1977).
60. Johnston, L.D. et al, Drug Use Among American High
School Seniors, College Students and Young Adults, 1975-1990,Vol II,
Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1991), p 31.
62. Stefanis. C. et al, "Experimental Observations of a
3-Day Hashish Abstinence Period and Reintroduction of Use," Annals of
the New York Academy of Sciences 282:113-20 (1976); Cohen, S. et al,
"The 94-Day Study," pp 621-26 in M.C. Braude and S. Szara (eds), The
Pharmacology of Marijuana, New York: Raven Press (1976).
63. Deneau, G.A. and Kaymakcalan, S., "Physiological
and Psychological Dependence to Synthetic Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in
Rhesus Monkeys," Pharmacologist13:246 (1971).
67. Annual Emergency Room Data, 1990, National
Institute on Drug Abuse Statistical Series, Series I, Number 10-A, Rockville,
MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1991); Annual Emergency Room Data,
1992, National Institute on Drug Abuse Statistical Series, Series I, Number
12-A, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1993); Preliminary
Estimates from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Advance Report Number 8,
Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (1994).
68. McGlothlin, H.W. and West, L.J., "The Marijuana
Problem: An Overview," American Journal of Psychiatry 125:1126-34
(1968); Smith, D.E., "The Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Marijuana," Journal
of Psychedelic Drugs 2:37-48 (1968).
69. Brill, N.O. and Christie, R.L., "Marijuana Use and
Psychosocial Adaptation," Archives of General Psychiatry 31:713-19
(1974); Kupfer, D.J. et al, "A Comment on the Amotivational Syndrome in
Marijuana Smokers," American Journal of Psychiatry 130:1319-22
(1973).
71. Mellinger, G.D. et al, "Drug Use, Academic
Performance, and Career Indecision: Longitudinal Data in Search of a
Model," pp 157-77 in D.B. Kandel (ed), Longitudinal Research on Drug
Use: Empirical Findings and Methodological Issues, Washington, DC:
Hemisphere (1978).
75. Mendelson, J.H. et al, "The Effects of Marijuana
Use on Human Operant Behavior: Individual Data," pp 643-53 in M.C. Braude
and S. Szara (eds), The Pharmacology of Marijuana, Vol 2, New York:
Raven Press (1976).
77. McBay, A.J. and Owens, S.M., "Marijuana and
Driving," pp 257-63 in L.S. Harris (ed) Problems of Drug Dependence
1980, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (1981); Teale, J.D. et al,
"The Incidence of Cannabinoids in Fatally Impaired Drivers: An
Investigation by Radioimmunoassay and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography,"
Journal of the Forensic Science Society 17:177-83 (1978).
80. Kv'alseth, T.O., "Effects of Marijuana on Human
Reaction Time and Motor Control," Perceptual and Motor Skills
45:935-39 (1977); Hansteen, R.W. et al, "Effects of Cannabis and Alcohol on
Automobile Driving and Psychomotor Tracking," Annals of New York
Academy of Sciences 282:240-56 (1976); Moskowitz, H. et al,
"Marijuana: Effects on Simulated Driving Performance," Accident
Analysis and Prevention 8:45-50 (1976); Moskowitz, H. et al, "Visual
Search Behavior While Viewing Driving Scenes Under the Influence of Alcohol and
Marijuana," Human Factors 18:417-31 (1976).
87. Netherlands Institute for Alcohol and Drugs,
"Cannabis Policy Fact Sheet," Netherlands Alcohol and Drug Report
1 (1995); Leuw, E., "Initial Construction and Development of the
Official Dutch Drug Policy," pp 23-40 in E. Leuw and I.H. Marshall (eds),
Between Prohibition and Legalization: The Dutch Experiment in Drug Policy,
Amsterdam: Kugler Publications (1994).
