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References:

A review of the standard sources on dates of state marijuana laws reveals a few inconsistencies, errors and omissions, which hopefully have been corrected here.

[1] Bonnie and Whitebread, The Marihuana Conviction (Univ. of Virginia Press, Charlottesville) 1974, p. 354.

[2] Bonnie and Whitebread, “The Forbidden Fruit and the Tree of Knowledge: An Inquiry into the Legal History of American Marijuana Prohibition,” Part III,Virginia Law Review 56#6, Oct. 1970.

[3] Ron Hamowy, Dealing With Drugs (Lexington Books, Lexington MA) 1987, pp. 10-11.

[4] Surgeon General's report, "State Laws Relating to the Control of Narcotic Drugs and the Treatment of Drug Addiction," Supplement #91 to Public Health Reports (1931).

[5] A 1912 amended version of the law is listed in Martin Wilbert and Murray Galt Motter, , “Poisons and Habit-Forming Drugs,” in Public Health Reports Vol. XXVIII #41, Oct. 10, 1913 and #42, Oct. 17, 1913.

[6] Charles Whitebread, “The History of the Non-Medical Use of Drugs in the United States,” Speech to the 1995 California Judges Assoc. annual conference, posted at www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/ History/HISTORY.HTM.

[7] "Marihuana Sale Now Prohibited," El Paso Herald, June 3, 1915, p.6.

[8] “General News of the Trade,” Pacific Drug Review, 27#7 p. 26 (July 1915).

[9] “Raised Marijuana for Stomach’s Sake,”Santa Ana Daily Register, July 7, 1919, p.3; “Officers Object to ‘Dream Weed’ Crop,” Los Angeles Times, July 6, 1919, V-9.

[10] “Constitutionality of Law Regulating Sale of Opium,” British Medical Journal I, June 5, 1897, p. 1092. The 1889 Missouri law outlawed opium and hasheesh dens; marijuana per se was not outlawed in the state until 1935: Bonnie and Whitebread, The Marihuana Conviction, pp. 112-4.

[11] Colorado passed laws to prohibit both cultivation and sale of cannabis in 1917, but the law against sale was repealed in 1919. Sale and possession were ultimately recriminalized in 1927. Henry O. Whiteside, Menace in the West: Colorado and the American Experience with Drugs, 1873-1963, (Colorado Historical Society, Denver, 1997) pp. 36-9, 52-4,