Historical and Literary References to Hemp

A sampling of references to hemp (marijuana) throughout the ages.

Part 2

The Gilded Age

Volume I

Chapter XVII: Stone's Landing Becomes City Of Napoleon - On Paper

Twain, Mark; Warner, Charles Dudley , 1873

About the chief cabin, which was the store and grocery of this mart of trade, the mud was more liquid than elsewhere, and the rude platform in front of it and the dry-goods boxes mounted thereon were places of refuge for all the loafers of the place. Down by the stream was a dilapidated building which served for a hemp warehouse, and a shaky wharf extended out from it into the water. In fact, a flat-boat was there moored by it, its setting poles lying across the gunwales. Above the town the stream was crossed by a crazy wooden bridge, the supports of which leaned all ways in the soggy soil; the absence of a plank here and there in the flooring made the crossing of the bridge faster than a walk an offense not necessary to be prohibited by law.

"This, gentlemen," said Jeff, "is Columbus River, alias Goose Run. If it was widened, and deepened, and straightened, and made long enough, it would be one of the finest rivers in the Western country."

…………….

When the conveyance at length drew up to Mr. Thompson's door, the gentleman descended with great deliberation, straightened himself up, rubbed his hands, and, beaming satisfaction from every part of his radiant frame, advanced to the group that was gathered to welcome him, and which had saluted him by name as soon as he came within hearing.

"Welcome to Napoleon, gentlemen, welcome. I am proud to see you here Mr. Thompson. You are looking well Mr. Sterling. This is the country, sir. Right glad to see you Mr. Brierly. You got that basket of champagne? No? Those blasted river thieves! I'll never send anything more by 'em. The best brand, Roederer. The last I had in my cellar, from a lot sent me by Sir George Gore - took him out on a buffalo hunt, when he visited our country. Is always sending me some trifle. You haven't looked about any yet, gentlemen? It's in the rough yet, in the rough. Those buildings will all have to come down. That's the place for the public square, court- house, hotels, churches, jail - all that sort of thing. About where we stand, the deepo. How does that strike your engineering eye, Mr. Thompson? Down yonder the business streets, running to the wharves. The University up there, on rising ground, sightly place, see the river for miles. That's Columbus River, only forty-nine miles to the Missouri. You see what it is, placid, steady, no current to interfere with navigation, wants widening in places and dredging, dredge out the harbor and raise a levee in front of the town; made by nature on purpose for a mart. Look at all this country, not another building within ten miles, no other navigable stream, lay of the land points right here; hemp, tobacco, corn, must come here. The railroad will do it, Napoleon won't know itself in a year."

The Gilded Age

Volume I

Chapter XVI: Model Railroad Engineer. Survey To Stone's Landing

The Colonel hitched up his chair close to Harry, laid his hand on his knee, and, first looking about him, said in a low voice, "The Salt Lick Pacific Extension is going to run through Stone's Landing! The Almighty never laid out a cleaner piece of level prairie for a city; and it's the natural center of all that region of hemp and tobacco."

A Tramp Abroad

Volume I

Chapter XXII: The Black Forest

Author: Twain, Mark, 1879

We found the Black Forest farmhouses and villages all that the Black Forest stories have pictured them. The first genuine specimen which we came upon was the mansion of a rich farmer and member of the Common Council of the parish or district. He was an important personage in the land and so was his wife also, of course. His daughter was the "catch" of the region, and she may be already entering into immortality as the heroine of one of Auerbach's novels, for all I know. We shall see, for if he puts her in I shall recognize her by her Black Forest clothes, and her burned complexion, her plump figure, her fat hands, her dull expression, her gentle spirit, her generous feet, her bonnetless head, and the plaited tails of hemp-colored hair hanging down her back.

Roughing It

Volume II

Chapter XXVII: The End Of Great Kamehameha

Twain, Mark, 1871

He was dressed entirely in black - dress-coat and silk hat - and looked rather democratic in the midst of the showy uniforms about him. On his breast he wore a large gold star, which was half hidden by the lapel of his coat. He remained at the door a half-hour, and occasionally gave an order to the men who were erecting the kahilis before the tomb. He had the good taste to make one of them substitute black crape for the ordinary hempen rope he was about to tie one of them to the framework with. Finally he entered his carriage and drove away, and the populace shortly began to drop into his wake. While he was in view there was but one man who attracted more attention than himself, and that was Harris (the Yankee Prime Minister). This feeble personage had crape enough around his hat to express the grief of an entire nation, and as usual he neglected no opportunity of making himself conspicuous and exciting the admiration of the simple Kanakas. Oh! noble ambition of this modern Richelieu!

Title: I Promessi Sposi Or The Betrothed

Book: Chapter XXIII

Author: Manzoni, Alessandro

Date: 1826

Lucia replied with a look which expressed assent as clearly as words could have done, and with a sweetness which words could not have conveyed.

'Noble girl!' rejoined the woman. 'And your Curate, too, being at our village, (for there are numbers assembled from all the country round to elect four public officers,) the Signor Cardinal thought it better to send him with us; but he has been of little use: I had before heard that he was a poor - spirited creature; but, on this occasion, I couldn't help seeing that he was as frightened as a chicken in a bundle of hemp.'

Title: Samuel Pepys

Author: Stevenson, Robert Louis

Date: c1886

A Liberal Genius

The whole world, town or country, was to Pepys a garden of Armida. Wherever he went, his steps were winged with the most eager expectation; whatever he did, it was done with the most lively pleasure. An insatiable curiosity in all the shows of the world and all the secrets of knowledge, filled him brimful of the longing to travel, and supported him in the toils of study. Rome was the dream of his life; he was never happier than when he read or talked of the Eternal City. When he was in Holland, he was "with child" to see any strange thing. Meeting some friends and singing with them in a palace near The Hague, his pen fails him to express his passion of delight, "the more so because in a heaven of pleasure and in a strange country." He must go to see all famous executions. He must needs visit the body of a murdered man, defaced "with a broad wound," he says, "that makes my hand now shake to write of it." He learned to dance, and was "like to make a dancer." (He learned to sing, and walked about Gray's Inn Fields "humming to myself (which is now my constant practice) the trillo." He learned to play the lute, the flute, the flageolet, and the theorbo, and it was not the fault of his intention if he did not learn the harpsichord or the spinet. He learned to compose songs, and burned to give forth" a scheme and theory of music not yet ever made in the world." When he heard "a fellow whistle like a bird exceeding all," he promised to return another day and give an angel for a lesson in the art. Once, he writes, "I took the Bezan back with me, and with a brave gale and tide reached up that night to the Hope, taking great pleasure in learning the seamen's manner of singing when they sound the depths." If he found himself rusty in his Latin grammar, he must fall to it like a schoolboy. He was a member of Harrington's Club till its dissolution, and of the Royal Society before it had received the name. Boyle's Hydrostatics was "of infinite delight" to him, walking in Barnes Elms. We find him comparing Bible concordances, a captious judge of sermons, deep in Descartes and Aristotle. We find him, in a single year, studying timber and the measurement of timber; tar and oil, hemp, and the process of preparing cordage; mathematics and accounting; the hull and the rigging of ships from a model; and "looking and improving himself of the (naval) stores with" - hark to the fellow! - "great delight." His familiar spirit of delight was not the same with Shelley's; but how true it was to him through life! He is only copying something, and behold, he "takes great pleasure to rule the lines, and have the capital words wrote with red ink"; he has only had his coal - cellar emptied and cleaned, and behold, "it do please him exceedingly." A hog's harslett is "a piece of meat he loves." He cannot ride home in my Lord Sandwich's coach, but he must exclaim, with breathless gusto, "his noble, rich coach." When he is bound for a supper party, he anticipates a "glut of pleasure." When he has a new watch, "to see my childishness," says he, "I could not forbear carrying it in my hand and seeing what o'clock it was an hundred times." To go to Vauxhall, he says, and "to hear the nightingales and other birds, hear fiddles, and there a harp and here a Jew's trump, and here laughing, and there fine people walking, is mighty divertising." And the nightingales, I take it, were particularly dear to him; and it was again "with great pleasure" that he paused to hear them as he walked to Woolwich, while the fog was rising and the April sun broke through.

Title: Sir Humphrey Gilbert's Voyage To Newfoundland

Author: Haies, Edward

Date: 1583

Part II.

Concerning the inland commodities, as well to be drawn from this land, as from the exceeding large countries adjoining, there is nothing which our east and northerly countries of Europe do yield, but the like also may be made in them as plentifully, by time and industry; namely, resin, pitch, tar, soap-ashes, deal-board, masts for ships, hides, furs, flax, hemp, corn, cables, cordage, linen cloth, metals, and many more. All which the countries will afford, and the soil is apt to yield.

Title: Study Of Poetry

Author: Arnold, Matthew

Date: 1880

The Study Of Poetry, Part II.

'Thus amongst ourselves we regret the good time, poor silly old things, low - seated on our heels, all in a heap like so many balls; by a little fire of hemp - stalks, soon lighted, soon spent. And once we were such darlings! So fares it with many and many a one.']

Title: Thousand And One Nights

Book: Story Of The Young King Of The Black Islands

Author: Traditional

Date: c1200

Translation: Lane, Edward William

My father was king of the city which was here situate: his name was Mahmud, and he was lord of the Black Islands, and of the four mountains. After a reign of seventy years, he died, and I succeeded to his throne; whereupon I took as my wife the daughter of my uncle; and she loved me excessively, so that when I absented myself from her, she would neither eat nor drink till she saw me again. She remaine under my protection five years. After this, she went one day to the bath; and I had commanded the cook to prepare the supper, and entered this palace, and slept in my usual place. I had ordered two maids to fan me; and one of them sat at my head, and the other at my feet; but I was restless, because my wife was not with me; and I could not sleep. My eyes were closed, but my spirit was awake; and I heard the maid at my head say to her at my feet, O Mes'udeh, verily our lord is unfortunate in his youth, and what a pity is it that it should be passed with our depraved, wicked mistress! - Perdition to unfaithful wives! replied the other: but (added she) such a person as our lord, so endowed by nature, is not suited to this profligate woman, who passes every night absent from his bed. - Verily, rejoined she at my head, our lord is careless in not making any inquiry respecting her. - Woe to thee! said the other: hath our lord any knowledge of her conduct, or doth she leave him to his choice? Nay, on the contrary, she contriveth to defraud him by means of the cup of wine which he drinketh every night before he sleepeth, putting bhang (hemp) into it; in consequence of which he sleepeth so soundly that he knoweth not what happeneth, nor whither she goeth, nor what she doeth; for, after she hath given him the wine to drink, she dresseth herself, and goeth out from him, and is absent until daybreak, when she returneth to him, and burneth a perfume under his nose, upon which he awaketh from his sleep.

Title: Life Of King Henry The Fifth, The

Book: Act III.

Author: Shakespeare, William

Date: 1599

Chor. Thus with imagined wing our swift Scene flies

In motion of no less celerity

Than that of thought. Suppose that you have seen

The well-appointed king of Hampton pier

Embark his royalty; and his brave fleet

With silken streamers the young Phoebus fanning;

Play with your fancies, and in them behold

Upon the hempen tackle ship-boys climbing;

Title: Burning Of Rome Under Nero

Book: By Henry Sienkiewicz

Author: Sienkiewicz, Henryk

By Henry Sienkiewicz

A.D. 64

Introduction

The destruction seemed as irresistible, perfect, and pitiless as Predestination itself. Around Pompey's Amphitheatre stores of hemp caught fire, and ropes used in circuses, arenas, and every kind of machine at the games, and with them the adjoining buildings containing barrels of pitch with which ropes were smeared.

Title: King Henry the Sixth, Part 2

Book: Act IV.

Author: Shakespeare, William

Date: 1591

Scene VII. The Same. Smithfield.

Say. Those cheeks are pale for watching for your good.

Cade. Give him a box o' the ear, and that will make em red again.

Say. Long sitting, to determine poor men's causes,

Hath made me full of sickness and diseases.

Cade. Ye shall have a hempen caudle then, and the help of hatchet.

Title: (A) Midsummer-Night's Dream

Book: Act III

Author: Shakespeare, William

Date: 1596

Scene I. The Wood. Titania lying asleep.

Enter Puck behind.

Puck. What hempen home-spuns have we swaggering here,

So near the cradle of the fairy queen?

What! a play toward; I'll be an auditor;

An actor too perhaps, if I see cause.

Title: New Way To Pay Old Debts

Book: Act V

Author: Massinger, Philip

Date: 1625

Scene I. [A room in Lady Allworth's house]

Over. I am o'erwhelm'd with wonder!

What prodigy is this? What subtle devil

Hath raz'd out the inscription, the wax

Turned into dust? The rest of my deeds whole

As when they were deliver'd, and this only

Made nothing! Do you deal with witches, rascal?

There is a statute^6 for you, which will bring

Your neck in an hempen circle; yes, there is;

And now 'tis better thought for, cheater, know

This juggling shall not save you.

[Footnote 6: The law against witchcraft.]

Title: William Tell

Book: Act II

Author: Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich Von

Date: 1804

Scene II.

Melch. The Rossberg I will undertake to scale.

I have a sweetheart in the garrison,

Whom with some tender words I could persuade

To lower me at night a hempen ladder.

Once up, my friends will not be long behind.

Title: Civilizations Past And Present

Book: Chapter 33: Asia And Africa In The Interwar World

Author: Wallbank;Taylor;Bailkey;Jewsbury;Lewis;Hackett

Date: 1992

Nationalism In Southeast Asia

Economic developments, however, constricted Philippine independence at the same time that the islands were being prepared for self-rule. Before the outbreak of World War II, four-fifths of Philippine exports went to the United States and three-fifths of its imports came from America. Like most underdeveloped economies, the export trade was dominated by a very few products: hemp, sugar, coconuts, and tobacco. Independence, with its accompanying imposition of tariffs would have been economically difficult. The United States had prevented the development of a colonial-type plantation economy by forbidding non-Filipinos to own plantation lands, but native landlordism was rampant, and the oppressed peasants launched a brief uprising in the mid-1930s.

Title: Japan

Book: Japan, A Country Study

Author: Jane T. Griffin

Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army

Date: 1981

Chapter 3D. Visual Arts

The many and varied traditional handicrafts of Japan enjoyed official recognition and protection and, owing to the folk art movement, were much in demand. Each craft carried a group of specialized skills with it. Textiles, for example, included weaving silk, hemp, or cotton following the spinning and dyeing process in a range from timeless folk designs to complex court patterns. Village crafts evolving from ancient folk traditions also survived in weaving and indigo dyeing by remote farming families in northern Japan and in Hokkaido by the Ainu peoples, whose distinctive designs had prehistoric prototypes. Silk weaving families can be traced to the fifteenth century in the famous Nishijin weaving center of Kyoto where they produced the elegant fabrics worn by the emperor and the aristocracy.

Title: Romania

Book: Romania, A Country Study

Author: Eugene K. Keefe

Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army

Date: 1972

Chapter 6A. Artistic and Intellectual Expression

Particularly well known outside the country are the woven rugs, tablecloths, and tapestries that decorate all rural homes and many urban ones. Designs are mostly geometric, and particular designs and color combinations are associated with particular regions. Well known for their unusual design and warm colors are Oltenian textiles in which a central animal, human, or floral design is surrounded by several frames of different colors. Muntenian textiles, on the other hand, have small geometric designs spread over the whole surface. Moldavian and Transylvanian textiles vary a great deal from one location to another and include both geometric and figurative designs. At one time, wool was used exclusively for weaving rugs and tapestries, but since the mid-nineteenth century cotton or hemp warp has been used in combination with wool. All-cotton and all-hemp rugs and wall hangings are also produced.

Title: Romania

Book: Doing Business with the New Romania

Author: Donald E. deKieffer

Affiliation: Embassy of Romania, Washington DC

Date: 1990

Chapter 2A. Economic Scene

ECONOMY

Vegetables

Vegetables are grown in a relatively small area (some 632,000 acres). Peas are the predominant crop; capable of an early harvest, they allow a second crop, usually of fodder plants, to be grown on the same ground. Vegetable cultivation is particularly marked around Bucharest; there is specialization in the production of early potatoes, tomatoes, onions, cabbages and green peppers. Similar peripheral areas are found around Timisoara, Arad, Craiova, Galati, Braila and other cities. The most important potato-growing area in the country is found in the Brasov, Sibiu, Harghita and Mures districts. Other related crops include sugar beets (475,000 acres) and sunflowers (10,300,000 acres), mostly on the Danube, Tisa and Jijia plains. Hemp, flax, rapeseed, soybeans and tobacco are also grown.

Title: Discovery Of America

Book: Chapter II: Pre-Columbian Voyages

Author: Fiske, John

Date: 1892

Part II

The ship preserved at Christiania is described as having had but a single mast, set into a block of wood so large that it is said no such block could now be cut in Norway. Probably the sail was much like those still carried by large open boats in that country, - a single square on a mast forty feet long. ^1 These masts have no standing rigging, and are taken down when not in use; and this was probably the practice of the Vikings."

[Footnote 1: Perhaps it may have been a square-headed lug, like those of the Deal galley-punts; see Leslie's Old Sea Wings, Ways, and Words, in the Days of Oak and Hemp, London, 1890, p. 21.]

Book: Patent and Trademark Office

Author: Verity, C. William

Affiliation: US Department Commerce

Date: 1988

The Story of the Patent and Trademark Office - Before 1900

Although he never took out a patent, Thomas Jefferson made a number of inventions, one of which - an improvement in the mold board of the plough - had a significant effect on the agricultural development of this country and earned him a decoration from the French Institute. He also invented a revolving chair which his enemies accused him of designing "so as to look all ways at once," a folding chair or stool which could be used as a walking stick, a machine for treating hemp, and a pedometer.

Book: Our Country: Volume 1

Author: Lossing, Benson J., LL.D.

Volume: Vol. 1

Date: 1905

Chapter III

(speaking of Native Americans)

In the colder weather of the winter, the common men wore a mantle made of a sort of cloth manufactured of the soft inner bark of trees interwoven with hemp or a species of flax. This was thrown gracefully over the shoulder, leaving the right arm exposed.

. . . ..

Hunting, fishing and the cultivation of the rich land were the chief employments of these people. The cotton plant was unknown to them, but hemp and flax were quite abundant. The women assisted the men in the fields, in the cultivation of corn, beans, peas, squashes, and pumpkins, which yielded enormous returns for the little labor bestowed.

Book: Our Country: Volume 1

Author: Lossing, Benson J., LL.D.

Volume: Vol. 1

Date: 1905

Chapter IX

Verazzani then went further up the coast, probably as far as the vicinity of Albemarle Sound, where he landed, with twenty men. A short distance from the sea, the land was covered with large trees, among which were noble cypresses. From these forest trees trailed luxuriant vines which were clustered with delicious grapes, the natives said, in early autumn. The people fled in fear to the woods. They were fairer than those further south, and were covered with a light drapery made of "certain plants which hung down from the branches" - Spanish moss - tied by threads of wild hemp. Their heads were uncovered. They lived in huts made of saplings and shrubbery, and navigated canoes dug out of a single log without any iron instrument whatever.

Book: Our Country: Volume 2

Author: Lossing, Benson J., LL.D.

Volume: Vol. 2

Date: 1905

Chapter XXXIX

In 1719, the House of Commons declared that erecting any manufactories in the colonies tended to lessen their dependence on Great Britain, and they were discouraged. A little earlier a British author had written "There be fine iron works which cast no guns no house in New England has above twenty rooms; not twenty in Boston have ten rooms each; a dancing-school was set up here but put down; a fencing-school is allowed. There be no musicians by trade. All cordage, sail-cloth and mats, come from England; no cloth made there worth four shillings per yard; no alum, no salt made by their sun.

Later, woolen-goods, paper and hemp were manufactured in New England, and almost every family made coarse cloth for domestic use.

Book: Our Country: Volume 6

Author: Lossing, Benson J., LL.D.

Volume: Vol. 6

Date: 1905

Chapter CXXXVIII

In 1776, almost the whole agricultural products of our country, including live-stock, were used for the support of the million and a half inhabitants; 1876 42,000,000 were fed and largely clothed from the products of our soil, while a vast surplus of our cereal and fibrous productions were sent to other countries. In 1870, there were 189,000,000 acres of improved farm land in our country, which produced in cereals (in round numbers) wheat, 288,000,000 bushels rye, 17,000,000 Indian corn, 761,000,000; oats, 282,000,000; barley, 30,000,000; buckwheat, 10,000,000 bushels; and rice, 74,000,000 pounds. Of the common potato, there were raised 143,000,000 bushels, and of the sweet potato, 22,000,000 bushels. The hay crop amounted to 28,000,000 tons, and the tobacco crop to 363,000,000 pounds. Of the principal fibrous products there were raised that year over 1,200,000,000 pounds of cotton. The average annual product, as we have observed, is now greater. The amount of flax raised was 27,000,000 pounds; wool, 100,000,000 pounds; silk cocoons about 4,000 pounds, and 13,000 tons of hemp.

Book: Our Country: Volume 7

Author: Lossing, Benson J., LL.D.

Volume: Vol. 7

Date: 1905

Chapter CL

. The Philippines have a fine, though tropical, climate, while the soil is very fertile, but lacks labor for its proper cultivation. The chief article of commerce is hemp, of which $21,800,000 worth was exported in 1904; the other principal exports are sugar, tobacco, oil-nuts, and copra.

. . . .

Gratifying as are these statistics representing the trade expansion of the Philippine Islands within the brief period of American possession of them, there are indications that the economic situation will be vastly improved in the next few years.

The justification for this surmise arises from the known wealth of the Islands, not only in valuable forest timber, gum, and dye woods, but in lignite coal of the best grade, iron ore, and other minerals, which, like agriculture, are hardly as yet developed. It is also justified by what is reported of the efforts being made by the local bureaus, agricultural and forestry, in establishing experimental farms and distributing for general cultivation improved quantities of plants, seeds, roots, etc.; while giving instruction in combating destructive insects, in raising the grade of live stock, and in suggesting more scientific methods of curing tobacco and producing a better quality of hemp.

Book: At Home in the Smokies

Author: US Department of the Interior

Affiliation: National Park Service

Volume: Handbook 125

Date: 1984

Chapter 2 Highland Homeland

Homecoming

The tepee of Indian lore did not exist here. The Cherokee house was a rough log structure with one door and no windows. A small hole in the bark roof allowed smoke from a central fire to escape. Furniture and decorations included cane seats and painted hemp rugs. A good-sized village might number 40 or 50 houses.

Book: United States Army in the Korean War - The Medics' War

Author: Cowdrey, Albert E.

Affiliation: US Army

Date: 1987

Chapter 10 Victims of War

Under these stresses American soldiers often did not show up well by comparison with marines, or with men from the professional military units sent to Korea by other U.N. nations. Many soldiers had become POWs shortly after their arrival. Almost none had strong feelings of belonging to any unit. The enemy's practice of shuffling men back and forth from camp to camp and his deliberate policy of breaking down structures of loyalty and command among the prisoners increased each man's isolation. Escape from intolerable conditions through fantasy was common, aided by the widespread smoking of hemp (Cannabis). So was apathy. Cases were seen of men who apparently willed themselves to die. "The people who died," recalled a doctor, "would first become despondent, then would lie down or cover their heads with their blankets, then wanted ice water to drink with their food, eventually no food only water and eventually - death."

Book: The American Home Front

Author: Abrahamson, James L.

Affiliation: National Defense Univ.

Date: 1984

The Revolutionary War Economy

Because 90 percent of all Americans engaged in farming, the war's impact on agriculture produced the most widespread results. Nowhere was that more dramatically true than in the Southern colonies. The prewar boycotts and the outbreak of hostilities caused a precipitous drop in Southern exports to England and Scotland by 1778. As military operations shifted to the Southern States after 1778, agriculture there suffered further from capital destruction and the loss of slaves. The profitability of indigo production collapsed with the termination of the British bounty, and rice growers, who had much of their capital sunk in paddy systems, found it difficult to convert to raising sheep, hemp, or flax - for which there was a great wartime demand. In the upper South, however, the war stimulated the prewar trend toward converting from tobacco to grain and livestock (for which the war increased the domestic demand), and the remaining tobacco crop soon found ways around the British blockade to profitable overseas markets. While the lower South therefore suffered modestly, the Chesapeake area adjusted to new wartime demands and reestablished good overseas markets.

Book: Presidential Proclamations & Executive Orders

Author: National Archives and Records Administration

Affiliation: National Archives

Date: 1989

Chapter 15A Commerce and Foreign Trade

(b). For the purposes of this order, the term "agricultural commodities" means all commodities and products, simple, mixed, or compound, or complements to such commodities or products that are or may be eaten or drunk by human beings or animals, irrespective of other uses to which such commodities or products may be put, and at all stages of processing from the raw commodity, to the product thereof in a vendible form for immediate human or animal consumption, but exclusive of such commodities and products as the Secretary of Agriculture shall determine. For the purposes of this order, the term "agricultural commodities" shall also include all starches, sugars, fats and oils of animal, vegetable, or marine origin (including oil seeds and other oil bearing materials, fatty acids, soap and soap powder), cotton, tobacco, wool, hemp, flax fiber, and alcohol, and also such other commodities and products as the President may designate.